Why Is Family History a Risk Factor for Stroke

Stroke is the 2d major cause of death and i of the leading causes of long-term disability worldwide. There are approximately fourscore 1000000 people in the world living with stroke aftermath at any 1 time and approximately 14 million new people are affected past stroke every year. In the United States alone, there are about v.five million stroke survivors and every 45 seconds someone has a stroke. Every 3 minutes someone in the United states of america dies from a stroke, and about half of stroke survivors are left disabled. In the USA, approximately 46,000 more than women than men take a stroke annually. In Blackness, Maori and Pacific people the run a risk of having a stroke is about one.5 – ii times greater compared with White people.

The Framingham report recently showed that the lifetime risk of having a stroke after 55 years of age is i in 5 for women and one in six for men. It has been calculated that during the course of their lives, about iv out of v families volition take someone affected past a stroke. Although the number of people who feel a stroke profoundly increases with age, up to 25% of all strokes happen in people younger than 65 years.

This page contains the following sections:

• What is a stroke or a TIA?
• What are the warning signs and symptoms of a stroke?
• What is a risk cistron for stroke?
• Why is urgent hospitalisation vitally important?
• What is the run a risk of expiry from a stroke?
• What are the possible medical complications subsequently a stroke?
• What are the chances of having some other stroke?
• What are the chances of recovery?
• Time is brain
• F.A.South.T.
• Recommended resources
• Stroke Riskometer
• Glossary of stroke terms

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What is a stroke or a TIA?

A stroke is called a vascular injury of the brain. Damage to the blood vessels could be due to a blood jell or something else blocking the artery and therefore the flow of blood (this may issue in ischemic stroke), or due to a blood vessel breaking causing a bleed (this may effect in hemorrhagic stroke).

There are two major types of hemorrhagic stroke: intracerebral hemorrhage and subarchnoid hemorrhage. Intracerebral hemorrhage is the bleeding into the brain tissue. Subarachnoid hemorrhage is the bleeding into the subarachnoid infinite, the narrow space between the brain surface and brain tissue. In White populations, about 85% of all strokes are ischemic strokes, ten% are intracerebral hemorrhages, and five% are subarachnoid hemorrhages. The proportion of intracerebral hemorrhages in Black people is greater compared with White people.

A person has a stroke if they take symptoms that last longer than 24 hours. If the symptoms last less than 24 hours and and so they fully recover, it is called a TIA or transient ischemic set on or mini-stroke. If a person experiences a TIA it puts them at high risk of having a stroke, so they must meet a doctor immediately.

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What are the warning signs and symptoms of a stroke?

You should telephone call an ambulance immediately if you or someone you lot know has any of the following signs:

Sudden numbness or weakness of the face up, arm, or leg, peculiarly on one side of the body

Sudden complete or partial loss of vision on one or both sides

Sudden confusion or trouble speaking or understanding

Sudden loss of balance, unsteadiness or an unexplained fall

Sudden vertigo, dizziness, swallowing difficulties or memory disturbances

Sudden, severe headache with no known cause

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What is a gamble factor for stroke?

A risk factor for stroke is annihilation that increases your chance of having a stroke. Risk factors may include medical (east.grand. elevated blood force per unit area, eye disease, diabetes, elevated cholesterol in the blood, family unit history), behavioural and environmental factors (due east.g. smoking, unhealthy diet, sedentary lifestyle).

Elevated blood pressure level or hypertension

An adult's blood pressure is considered to be normal if it is below 120/lxxx. That is, less than 120 systolic claret pressure and less than 80 for diastolic blood pressure level. Blood force per unit area above the normal value but below 140/90 is called a deadline hypertension, and blood pressure 140/ninety or greater is called hypertension. High blood pressure over time damages the walls of the blood vessels, causing hardening of the arteries and promotes the forming of blood clots and aneurysms.

Heart affliction

People with heart problems are at an increased risk of stroke. Possible center problems are angina, atrial fibrillation (irregular eye crush rhythm), centre failure, valve disorders, artificial valves and built middle defects. Valve disorder, irregular heartbeat rhythms, and sometimes previous heart attack or myocardial infarction can result in claret clots beingness formed in the heart. These blood clots may become loose or break down into pocket-sized particles (chosen emoli) which can travel to the brain and cake blood vessels. The blockage of the blood vessels tin can cause an ischemic stroke.

Atherosclerosis and high cholesterol levels

An avenue is a blood vessel that carries blood. Hardening of the arteries is called atherosclerosis. When the arteries harden, it narrows the middle of the artery where the claret flows. Virtually 20-thirty% of people who have an ischemic stroke take hardening of the arteries, particularly narrowing of the carotid artery in the neck which carries blood to the encephalon. High cholesterol levels (low-density and very low-density cholesterols) increment your chance of having a stroke very substantially, and therefore should be advisedly controlled.

Diabetes

Having a diabetes mellitus doubles the run a risk of having a stroke. Therefore people with diabetes should try to keep their blood carbohydrate level under very tight control and make sure that all aspects of their health are carefully controlled.

Family unit history and genetics

A person'southward genetics, inherited from their parents, is rarely a direct cause of stroke on its own. But genes do play a large role in some stroke take a chance factors such as hypertension, center illness, diabetes, and malformed blood vessels.

Unruptured intracranial aneurysms

An aneurysm is acquired by a weak point in the wall of an avenue. As the wall of the artery is under force per unit area due to the blood pressure level, the wall at the weak point may balloon out. This ballooning out of the blood vessel is chosen an aneurysm. If the aneurysm is inside the head, it is called an intracranial aneurysm. The trouble is if the aneurysm bursts or ruptures, equally it will cause a bleed resulting in a subarachnoid or intracerebral haemorrhage. Whether an aneurysm ruptures is dependent on the size of the aneurysm, if the person smokes or has high blood pressure, and other factors.

Unhealthy diet

An unhealthy diet is a major take a chance factor for stroke. An unhealthy diet is a diet with a lot of products that accept loftier amounts of fat, cholesterol and salt. This is a diet with a lot of fast food takeaways, red meat, dairy products like butter and cheese, pies and broiled goods similar biscuits and pastries. These foods should be eaten in moderation. A healthy diet contains a mixture of vegetables, fruits, fish, nuts and cereals. A healthy diet lowers the hazard of developing atherosclerosis and lowers claret pressure, both major chance factors for stroke.

Alcohol

Mild alcohol consumption of less than 2 standard drinks per day lowers the risk of stroke. However, drinking any more booze or binge drinking raises the chance of stroke.

Smoking

The importance of stopping active smoking cannot be underestimated, no matter how long a person has smoked or the number of cigarettes smoked. It is a common misconception that if a long-term smoker stops smoking it volition do them more harm than expert. This is not truthful; the sooner a person stops smoking the more than their health will do good, and they volition lower their chance of stroke immediately.

Physical action

People who practice less than 30 minutes of exercise 3 times per week double their risk of stroke compared to people who do exercise regularly. Lack of exercise tin can lead to beingness overweight and diabetes which are important run a risk factors for stroke. It can too pb to the evolution of atherosclerosis.

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Why is urgent hospitalisation vitally of import?

It is extremely of import to ensure that a person who is experiencing the symptoms of a stroke gets to hospital via ambulance urgently. This is because 'time is brain': namely, getting a person to hospital early on volition let quick diagnosis and treatment which may not only save the person'due south life, but may also improve their recovery. At that place are now constructive medications and surgery that a doctor can provide if they feel the patient is suitable for that treatment.

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What is the take chances of death from a stroke?

Some strokes effect in decease whereas others crusade permanent or temporary disability. About two out of 10 people who take a stroke die inside the first month, 3 out of ten die within the first year, and 5 out of 10 die within the starting time 5 years. The more fourth dimension that passes after a stroke, the less is the risk of dying from information technology. People who have a subarachnoid or intracerebral hemorrhage every bit the crusade of their stroke are more likely to die than people who have an ischemic stroke.

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What are the possible medical complications after a stroke?

If a person does survive a stroke, as many people practise, they may have permanent or temporary disability due to the damage to the brain caused by the stroke.

Possible after-furnishings of a stroke are:

Approximately two thirds of stroke survivors accept partial or consummate loss of movement and forcefulness in a paw and/or leg on one side of the body. Partial loss of motion and strength is chosen paresis, consummate loss is called paralysis

80-90% suffer from defoliation, and problems with thinking and memory

thirty% have communication issues such every bit an inability to speak or understand speech communication

30% have difficulty swallowing, called dysphagia

ten% take vision problems such as complete or partial blindness, or double vision

10% have impaired coordination, called clutter

thirty% have bug in correct-left orientation

Upward to 70% suffer from mood disorders, including low

twenty% develop pain in the shoulder

Less that 10% may develop seizures or epilepsy, especially after an intracerebral hemorrhage

Without adequate prevention, 20% develop a breast infection within one month of stroke and 10-20% develop bedsores and/or skin infection.

Other possible complications are falls, joint deformities and contractures (where joints cannot fully bend or stretch), urinary tract infection, constipation, pulmonary embolism and middle assault (myocardial infarction)

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What are the chances of having another stroke?

Whether a person volition take another stroke depends on a persons age, the reason for the first stroke, and other medical atmospheric condition. The first 6-12 months is the time when a person who has experienced a stroke is at highest adventure of another stroke. About 10% of stroke survivors have another stroke within a year, and 30% within five years afterwards their commencement stroke.

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What are the chances of recovery?

Recovery from stroke is a long process that tin keep over several years. Most of the recovery occurs in the beginning 2-3 years, and especially the get-go 6 months. Rehabilitation needs to continue in infirmary, rehabilitation services, home and residential care.

Approximately ane-third of stroke patients recover their lost functions fully or almost fully, and get back to their pre-stroke activities within a year.

About 50% of stroke survivors under the age of 65 render to work.

However at 1-year after a stroke, about two-thirds of stroke survivors volition have some level of disability, ranging from lite and moderate to very severe.

Time is brain

Although two-thirds of strokes occur without whatever warning signs, approximately one-tertiary of strokes practise take alarm signs, including transient ischaemic attack (TIA or mini stroke). An ambulance should exist called immediately if whatsoever of the post-obit symptoms occur (particularly symptoms with sudden onset):

loss of strength (or evolution of clumsiness) in some function of the body, especially on one side, including the face up, arm or leg;

numbness (sensory loss) or other unusual sensations in some office of the trunk, especially if one-sided; consummate or fractional loss of vision on one side;

inability to speak properly or to empathize linguistic communication; loss of balance, unsteadiness or an unexplained autumn;

whatsoever other kind of transient spells (vertigo, dizziness, swallowing difficulties, acute confusion, or memory disturbances);

headache that is unusually severe, abrupt in onset, or of unusual character (including unexplained change in the pattern of headaches);

unexplained alterations of consciousness or convulsions.

These warning signs may occur alone or in whatever combination. They may terminal a few seconds (typical TIA) or up to 24 hours and so disappear (singular, near severe TIA), exist a single episode during a day or repeated. By definition, at the onset of signs and symptoms and during the offset 24 hours it is impossible to know for sure if symptoms are due to stroke or due to TIA. Nevertheless, symptoms tin can betoken a hidden problem with blood flow in the brain, which, if ignored, could result in a stroke.

F.A.S.T.

F.A.South.T. is an easy mode to detect some sudden signs and symptoms of stroke and prompt firsthand action.

F.A.Due south.T. stands for:

Face

Arm

Speech

Time

If any of the F.A.S.T. signs described hither come on suddenly, it is highly probable that the person has a stroke and you need to call an ambulance immediately. Early hospitalisation could save the life of the person concerned, improve his/her recovery and reduce the burden of stroke on their family.

Recommended resources

The Hazel One thousand. Goddess Fund for Stroke Enquiry in Women
785 Park Avenue
New York, NY 10021-3552
Phone: (212) 713-6789
Fax: (212) 288-2160
Email: This electronic mail address is being protected from spambots. Y'all need JavaScript enabled to view information technology.
Website: www.thegoddessfund.org/

The Internet Stroke Center
Website: www.strokecenter.org/pat/index.html

Community contacts in New Zealand:

The Stroke Foundation of New Zealand
Telephone: 0800 STROKE (787653)
Website: www.stroke.org.nz
Electronic mail:This electronic mail address is existence protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Evidence-based stroke guidelines: world wide web.nzgg.org.nz

Community contacts in Australia:

National Stroke Foundation
Suite 304, Level 3
167-169 Queen St
Melbourne VIC 3000
Phone: 61 3 9670 yard
Fax: 61 three 9670 9300
Freecall: 1800 787 653
Website: www.strokefoundation.com.au

Community contacts in United kingdom of great britain and northern ireland:

Stroke Association
Stroke Firm, 240 City Road, London, EC1V 2PR
Telephone: 020 7566 0300
Website: world wide web.stroke.org.uk

Chest, Heart and Stroke Scotland
65 North Castle Street, Edinburgh EH2 3LT
Tel.: +44 (0) 131 225 6963
Fax: +44 (0) 131 220 6313
Website: www.chss.org.united kingdom

Northen Republic of ireland Chest, Eye and Stroke Association
21 Dublin Road, Belfast BT2 7HB
Tel.: +44 (0) 28 9032 0184
Fax: +44 (0) 28 9033 3487
Website: www.nichsa.com

Community contacts in the USA

American Stroke Association
7272 Greenville Ave
Dallas, Texas 75231
Tel.: 888-4-STROKE, 800-553-6321
Website: world wide web.strokeassociation.org

National Family Caregivers Association
10400 Connecticut Ave
#500, Kensington, MD 20895-3944
Tel.: 800-896-3650
Website: www.thefamilycaregiver.org

National Stroke Association
9707 East. Easter Lane
Englewood, CO 80112-3747
Tel.: 303-649-9299, 800-STROKES
Website: www.stroke.org

National Plant of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Education
NIH Neurological Institute
P.O. Box 5801
Bethesda, Physician 20824
Voice: (800) 352-9424 or (301) 496-5751
Website: www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/stroke/stroke.htm

Community contacts in Canada:

Middle and Stroke Foundation of Canada
222 Queen Street, Suite 1402
Ottawa, ON K1P 5V9
Telephone (613)569-4361
Fax (613)569-3278
Website: ww2.heartandstroke.ca/Folio.asp?PageID=97#Info

Community contacts in South Africa

The National Centre Foundation
PO Box 15139, Vlaeberg 8018
Telephone: (021) 447 4222
Fax: (021) 447 0322
Electronic mail: This electronic mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view information technology.
Website: world wide web.heartfoundation.co.za/contactus.asp?mode=contact

Stroke Riskometer

The Stroke Riskometer ^TM app is an award winning and easy-to-use tool for measuring your individual risk of a stroke in the next five to ten years. It is developed and owned by the Auckland Academy of Applied science, Auckland, New Zealand

A video about the app - hither is the DropBox weblink to the video:  https://www.dropbox.com/s/z0rkb8pmxix1mgl/Valery%20Feigin_1080HD.mov?dl=010

Stroke Riskometer ^TM app is currently available in both iSO and Android formats in the following languages:

Bengali

Brazilian-Portuguese

Croatian

Czech

English

Farsi

French

German

Hindi

Italian

Japanese

Malay

Standard mandarin (also available on Chinese baidu website)

Portuguese

Russian

Spanish

Glossary of stroke terms

astute stroke – a stage of stroke starting at the onset of symptoms that lasts for a few hours thereafter

agnosia - impairment of power to recognise, or cover the meaning of, various sensory stimuli (east.g. finger, colour, visual, tactile, position, visual-spatial agnosia)

agraphia – disability to write

alexia – inability to read

aneurysm - a weak spot in the avenue wall that balloons out

aneurysm clipping – a surgical procedure for treatment of brain aneurysms, involving clamping an aneurysm from a blood vessel

angiography – an x-ray of vessels afterwards the injection of a radiopaque contrast material

anosognosia – the lack of awareness or denial of affliction (e.g. the patient denies anything being wrong with the stroke side)

anticoagulants – drugs used to prevent the formation or growth of blood clots by inhibiting the coagulation deportment of the blood poly peptide thrombin. Some common anticoagulants include heparin and warfarin

antiplatelet agents – drugs used to prevent the formation or growth of blood clots by inhibiting the accumulation of platelets. Some common antiplatelet agents include aspirin, plavix, aggrenox

antithrombotics – a generic term related to either anticoagulants or antiplatelet agents

aphasia – disability to understand or create oral communication

apoplexy – an old Latin term for stroke defined as "a stroke of God'southward hands"

apoptosis – a form of programmed, genetically triggered cell death involving shrinking of the cell and eventual disposal of the internal elements of the cell by the body'due south immune system

apraxia – inability to perform skilled or purposeful voluntary movement even though the person is physically able to do it

arrhythmia – an irregular centre shell

arteriography – an x-ray of arteries after the injection of a radiopaque dissimilarity material

arteriovenous malformation (AVM) – a congenital disorder characterised by a complex tangled web of arteries and veins

artery – a blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart

aspiration – the act of inhaling solid or liquid materials into the lungs

aspiration pneumonia – breast infection (pneumonia) resulting from the inhalation of foreign fabric, usually food particles or vomit, into the bronchi; pneumonia developing secondary to the presence in the airways of fluid, blood, saliva, or gastric contents

asteriognosis – disability to identify an object by impact

clutter – lack of coordination, unsteadiness

atheroma - fat cholesterol deposits within of artery walls (synonym – plaque)

atherosclerosis – a disease of arteries characterised past deposits of lipid fabric which make the artery hard, thick (narrow) and brittle (atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis are frequently used interchangeably)

atrial fibrillation – irregular beating of the left atrium, or left upper bedchamber, of the heart

bilateral – both sides of the body

blood-brain barrier – an elaborate meshwork that surrounds claret vessels and capillaries in the brain and regulates which elements of the blood tin pass through to the neurons

brainstem – the stalk-like, lower role of the brain that connects the brain'southward correct and left hemispheres with the spinal cord

brainstem stroke – a stroke that that strikes the brainstem

capillaries – tiny blood vessels whose wall consists of endothelium and its basement membrane

cardiac – relating to the heart

cardiovascular – relating to the eye and blood vessels

caregivers – individuals (typically family members or friends) who provide unpaid assistance to see that the physical, psychological, and/or social needs of some other person are met

carotid artery – an artery, located on either side of the cervix, that carries claret to the brain

carotid endarterectomy – the operation to remove atheroma from the narrowed carotid artery (usually the internal carotid artery)

carotid stenosis – narrowing of the carotid avenue

catheter – a medical device (tube) used to command urinary incontinence using a receptacle pocketbook

cardinal pain – pain caused by impairment to an area in the mid-brain called thalamus

cerebellar stroke – a stroke that strikes the cerebellum

cerebellum – the part of the brain at the back which is responsible for coordinating voluntary muscle movements

cognitive – relating to the brain

cerebral blood flow (CBF) – the flow of blood through the arteries that lead to the encephalon

cerebral cortex – the outer layer of the brain

cognitive infarct – an expanse where brain cells accept died (synonym – ischemic stroke)

cognitive bleeding – bleeding into the brain tissue (intracerebral haemorrhage) or into surrounding areas (subarachnoid haemorrhage)

cerebral oedema – swelling of the brain

cognitive hemisphere – ane of the 2 halves of the brain

cerebral thrombosis – the closing off of an artery in the brain by blood clotting

cerebrovascular accident (CVA) – an former term used for stroke (the term is falling into disuse considering stroke is no longer viewed every bit an accident)

cerebrovascular disease (CVD) – encompasses all abnormalities in the brain resulting from pathologies of its blood vessels (narrowing, blockage)

cholesterol – a waxy substance, produced naturally by the liver and also establish in foods, that circulates in the claret

knowledge – college intellectual (mental) performance associated with thinking, learning, perception, and memory

cognitive damage – a deficiency in a person'due south curt or long term memory, orientation as to place, person and time, thinking and judgment

blackout – a state of deep unconsciousness when the person is not responsive or able to be aroused

compensation – the ability of a person with impairments from stroke to perform a task (or tasks) either using the impaired limb with an adapted approach or using the unaffected limb to perform the task

confabulation – filling gaps in memory with imagined events

continence – the ability to command urinary bladder and bowel functions

contracture - static muscle shortening so that the muscle cannot exist lengthened and loss of motion of the adjacent articulation occurs

contralateral – the opposite side of the trunk

coordination - the harmonious working together of several muscles or musculus groups in the execution of complex movements

computed tomography (CT) scan – a series of cross-sectional 10-rays of the brain and head; too called computerized axial tomography (True cat)

dementia – loss of intellectual ability (east.g. vocabulary, abstract thinking, judgment, memory loss, physical coordination) that interfere with daily activities

low – a reversible psychiatric disorder characterized by an inability to concentrate, difficulty sleeping, feeling of hopelessness, fatigue, the "blues", and guilt

diplopia – double vision

duplex carotid browse – an ultrasound browse of the carotid arteries in the neck

dysarthria – a motor disorder of the natural language, mouth, jaw or voice-box resulting in difficulty in producing speech

dyslipidaemia – abnormality in blood lipids

dyslexia – difficulty with reading

dysphagia – inability or difficulty with swallowing

dysphasia – difficulty with agreement or creating spoken communication

dysphonia – impairment of the voice

dyspraxia – difficulty with performing skilled or purposeful voluntary movement even though the person is physically able to practice information technology

echocardiogram - ultrasound scan of the eye

electrocardiogram (ECG) – a examination that measures electrical action and rhythm of the heart

electroencephalogram (EEG) – a test used to tape electric activity in the brain past placing electrodes on the scalp

embolic stroke – a stroke caused by an embolus

embolism – blockage of a blood vessel by an embolus

embolus – a clot of the blood that travels in the bloodstream

emotional lability – a status in which the mood of the person swings speedily (unreasonably) from 1 state to another (such every bit laughing, crying or anger)

enteral feeding – feeding using a tube connecting with the stomach

epidemiology – the report of factors that influences the frequency and distribution of a affliction in a population

epilepsy – seizure or fit activeness involving parts of or the whole torso

extracranial-intracranial (EC-IC) bypass – a type of surgery that restores blood flow to a blood-deprived area of brain tissue by rerouting a healthy artery in the scalp to the area of brain tissue affected by a blocked/narrowed artery

flaccid – absenteeism of muscle tone, flabby or floppy muscles

gait – style of walking

geriatrician – a doctor who specializes in the care of the older people, primarily those who are frail and take complex medical and social problems

glia – supportive cells of the nervous organisation that also play an important role in brain functioning; too called neuroglia

haematoma – a collection of blood forming a definite swelling which compresses and damages the brain around it

haemorrhage – bleeding

haemorrhagic – relating to bleeding

haemorrhagic stroke - bleeding into the brain (intracerebral bleeding) or into surrounding areas (subarachnoid haemorrhage)

handicap – reduction in a person's capacity to fulfill a social role as a consequence of disability/impairment

hemianaesthesia – loss of sensation downward ane side of the torso

hemianopia – loss of one-half the field of vision in each center

hemiparesis – weakness on one side of the body

hemiplegia – consummate loss of movements on ane side of the torso

hemisphere – i one-half of the brain (synonym – cerebral hemisphere)

hemispheric stroke – a stroke that strikes one of the brain'south hemisphere

hemi-inattention – ignoring infinite on the side of the body; sometimes called unilateral neglect

heparin – a type of anticoagulant

high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) – a compound consisting of a lipid and a protein that carries cholesterol in the blood and deposits it in the liver; also known every bit the "good" cholesterol

domicile intendance – provides a range of supportive services in the habitation from intensive medical support to assistance with activities of daily living to housekeeping

homeostasis – a land of equilibrium or balance in the trunk with respect to various functions and to the chemic compositions of the fluids and tissues

hypertension – abnormally high blood pressure

hypotension – abnormally low blood force per unit area

impairment – a physical or mental defect at the level of a body system or organ

impotence – inability to obtain or maintain penile erection

incidence – describes the frequency with which cases of a illness occur during a certain menstruum of time in a population

incontinence – inability to control urinary bladder (urinary incontinence) or bowel functions (bowel incontinence), or both

infarct or infarction – area of dead or dying tissue

intracerebral haemorrhage – bleeding into the brain

intravenous – in a vein

involuntary – something that happens without being willed or intended

ischaemia – a loss or reduction of blood flow to tissue

ischaemic pour – a series of pathophysiological and biochemical events lasting for several hours to several days post-obit initial ischaemia

ischaemic penumbra – area of damaged, just still living, brain cells arranged in a patchwork pattern around areas of dead brain cells

ischaemic stroke - an area where encephalon cells have died (synonyms – cerebral infarct, cerebral infarction)

lacunar infarction – a small surface area of dead brain often caused past stenosis or apoplexy of the small arteries in the brain (from the French give-and-take "lacune" pregnant "gap" or "cavity")

large avenue disease – stenosis or occlusion of the carotid arteries, often due to atherosclerosis

lipoprotein – small globules of cholesterol covered by a layer of poly peptide

low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) – a compound consisting of a lipid and a poly peptide that carries cholesterol in the blood and deposits the excess forth the within of arterial walls; also known equally the "bad" cholesterol

magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) – an imaging technique involving injection of a radiopaque contrast material into a blood vessel and using magnetic resonance technique to create an prototype of brain arteries and veins

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan – a type of imaging involving the use of a powerful magnetic field to generate and measure out interactions between pulsed magnetic waves and hydrogen nuclei (such as those in water) within the caput tissues

monoparesis, monoplegia – weakness, paralysis of one limb simply

mortality – describes the number of persons who dice during a certain period of time

motor – relating to movement

nasogastric tube – tube put down the nose into the stomach

neuron – the main functional jail cell of the brain and nervous arrangement, consisting of a cell body, an axon, and dendrites

neuroprotective agents – medications that protect the brain from secondary injury

neglect, ane-sided – a term sometimes used for lack of awareness to one side

nursing home – a generic term for a skilled nursing facility

oedema – swelling

orthosis - an external orthopaedic apparatus, as a brace or splint, that prevents or assists movement of the spine or the limbs

papilloedema – swelling of the optic disc in the heart

paraesthesia - an abnormal awareness, such every bit of burning, pricking, tickling, or tingling

paralysis – loss of movement

paraparesis, paraplegia – weakness, paralysis of both legs (can happen with bilateral strokes or spinal cord bug)

paraphrasia – producing unintended phrases, words or syllables during spoken communication

paresis – muscle weakness

PEG tube – percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy feeding tube inserted through the intestinal wall into the stomach

perception – the ability to receive, translate and use data

plaque – a mixture of fatty substances, including cholesterol and other lipids, deposited inside of avenue walls (synonym – atheroma)

plasticity of the brain – the ability to adapt to deficits and injury when intact brain cells accept over functions of damaged cells

platelets – blood cells that are known for their office in claret coagulation

prevalence – the number of cases of a affliction in a population at any given point in time

randomised controlled trial – a clinical written report in which persons are assigned to the experimental or control group by a random selection procedure

recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) – a genetically engineered form of t-PA, a thrombolytic, anti-clotting substance made naturally past the body

rehabilitation – restoration of the disabled person to the greatest possible independence

rest domicile – a generic term for a grouping home, specialised flat complex or other institution which provides intendance services where individuals live; sometimes referred to as a private hospital, residential care facility or a care home

minor artery disease - a disease of small arteries in the brain, often due to hypertension

stenosis – narrowing

spasm – involuntary contraction of a muscle

spastic paralysis – paralysis with increased musculus tone and spasmodic contraction of the muscles

spasticity – abnormally increased tone in a muscle

spinal string - the elongated cylindrical portion of the cerebrospinal axis, or cardinal nervous system, which is contained in the spinal or vertebral culvert

stroke - an astute vascular injury of the brain

stroke unit – a hospital facility for management of patients with acute stroke by a multidisciplinary team of specialists

subarachnoid bleeding (SAH) – bleeding betwixt the brain surface and one of the sparse layers of tissue that cover the brain

tactile – relating to touch

thrombolytics – drugs that dissolve the claret clot

thrombosis – the germination of a claret clot

thromboembolus – a clot which has traveled in an artery or vein

thrombus – a claret clot

thrombotic stroke – a stroke acquired by thrombosis

tinnitus – "ringing" in the ears

tone – the degree of tension in a muscle at residue

total serum cholesterol – a combined measurement of a person's high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)

t-PA – see "recombinant tissue plasminogen activator"

transient ischaemic set on (TIA) – a short-lived stroke that lasts from a few minutes up to 24 hours; often called a mini-stroke

transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) – a modest magnetic current delivered to an expanse of the brain to promote plasticity and healing

vascular – relating to the blood vessels

vasospasm – spasm of a claret vessel; a unsafe side outcome of subarachnoid haemorrhage

vein – a blood vessel that carries blood back to the heart

vertebrobasilar arteries – the 2 arteries on the back of the neck which supply blood to the brainstem and cerebellum

vertebral avenue – an avenue on either side of the back of the neck inside the bones of the spine and carrying claret to the brain

videofluoroscopy – a video x-ray of swallowing machinery

visuospatial disorder – inability to recognize or perceive time, distance, areas of space

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Source: http://stroke.net.nz/stroke-information

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